Introduction
LNG is natural gas that has been converted to liquid form by cooling -160C for the ease of storage, transportation and distribution. Natural gas currently accounts for 22% of aggregate global energy supply. LNG is the most energy efficient fossil fuel— it offers important energy saving benefits when it is used instead of oil or coal. It is also a source of hydrocarbons for petrochemical feedstock and a major source of elemental sulphur. Its popularity as an energy source is expected to grow substantially in the future because LNG can help achieve two important energy goals for the twenty-first century— providing the sustainable energy supplies and services needed for social and economic development and reducing adverse impacts on global climate and the environment in general.
This interactive, applications-driven 5-day LNG Supply, Demand & Pricing Industry training course will highlight the wide array of LNG business features from beginning to the end. This Blackbird Training course is designed to help managers and professionals to expand their business knowledge and stay top of LNG business dynamics.
Course Objectives
- Gain better understanding of the dynamics of the entire LNG value chain
- Understand LNG production, storage, transportation and distribution
- Understand the LNG Pricing Issues, Structures, for exports
- Distinguish various sales, marketing terms and conditions
- Understand the various terms in LPG sales and purchase agreements
- Learn economic evaluation benchmarks and determine return on investments
Course Outlines
Day 1
Setting the Introductory LNG Scene in Energy Industry
- Introduction to the LNG Industry
- Exploration, development and LNG production, shipping, importation
- Cost and value drivers; shareholder expectations
- The value chain: from wellhead to burner tip
- Players: governments, NOCs, IOCs, banks and insurers, etc.
- Natural Gas Value Chain
- Exploration and production
- Processing and Production
- Sales gas transmission
- Underground storage
- Distribution
- Sales gas and product specifications
- Global Production
- Where and who are the producers of LNG
- Projects currently under development
- Global Markets
- Where and who are the users of LNG
- Projects currently under development
- Gas Conditioning Processes
- Excess water removal
- Contaminants removal
- NGL separation
Day 2
Essential Logistics of LNG
- Nitrogen Rejection Processes
- Cryogenic process
- Absorption process (using lean oil or solvent) Membrane separation
- Adsorption process (activated carbon) Storage System
- LNG Transportation Logistics
- Vapour recovery system LACT unit
- Sampling
- Natural Gas Transportation
- Pipeline components
- Compressor stations
- Metering stations
- Valves
- Control stations
- Pipeline Operations
- Basics of gas pipeline
- Gas flow measurement
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
- Why LNG a growth industry
- Compression & Refrigeration
- Transportation of LNG
- Major LNG Exporting nations
- Major Importing nations
Day 3
LNG Pricing Structures for Exports, Marketing and Project Risks
- LNG Sales, Marketing and Trade
- Price disparity in different regions
- LNG Benchmarks
- Major changes in LNG business
- LNG Pricing Structures and Price Dynamics
- Natural Gas Prices
- Regional Pricing Disparity
- Pricing Structures Key To Future Of LNG Exports
- Oil Linked LNG Pricing
- Business Sector
- Industry and market Structure
- Natural gas demand
- Natural gas supply
- Economics of the natural gas plants
- LNG Expanding Market
- LNG as land transport fuel
- LNG as marine transport fuel
- Key Project Risk and Value Identification
- Understanding the fundamental commercial drivers for project success
- Identification of key project risks (from a commercial perspective) and mitigation strategies
- Reserves definitions and reserves certification
- Completion and cost overrun risks
- Cost linkages to oil and gas prices
- Maximizing Profitability of Gas Plant Assets
- Business Evaluation and Profitability Analysis
- Return on Investment Analysis
- Selection Criteria of Best Return on Investment
- Portfolio Management
- The performance strategy— integrated gas plant
- The successful information strategy
- Operations strategy
Day 4
Building a 350 MW Power Plant: LNG as a Fuel Source
- Explore the intricacies of utilizing LNG as a fuel source for a 350 MW Power Plant.
- Understand the technical and operational aspects of incorporating LNG into power generation.
- Evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of using LNG in power plant operations.
- Address challenges and considerations specific to building and managing an LNG-powered facility.
- Gain insights into the strategic decision-making involved in adopting LNG for large-scale power generation.
LNG Project Financing and Project Management
- Gas Plant Project Management
- Project Management Overview
- Industry Perspective
- The Project Management Process
- Project Controls & Quality Controls
- Quality Assurance
- Commissioning and Start-up
- Dispute Prevention & Arbitration
- Disputes
- Arbitration and expert determination
- Commercial Structures
- Alternative Commercial Structures
- Complexity of integrating requirements
- FOB versus DES sales
- LNG Project Financing Essentials
- Financial structures in LNG
- Investment decision making
- The key value drivers in LNG financing
- Overview of LNG Financing Options
- Balance financing
- ECA and multilateral agency funding
- Capital markets
- Asset based financing
- Project financing and structured recourse financing
Day 5
LNG Agreements, Regulations and Future Trends
- LNG Agreements
- Overview of the contractual Terminology
- Stakeholder analysis and drivers
- Upstream Agreements
- LNG Supply Purchase Agreements SPA
- EPC Contracts
- LNG Shipping arrangements/agreements
- LNG regasification Terminal Agreements
- Fiscal and legal regimes worldwide
- Production sharing arrangements
- Regulations
- The history of regulations
- The market under regulation
- The environmental impact
- The Future Trends in Natural Gas Trends
- Trends in LNG markets
- Latest changes and movements in LNG trading
- The impact of shale gas
- Hubs vs. oil for price setting
- Market shifts in importation and liquefaction
- Mid and small-scale LNG
- Benefits of Floating LNG Business
- Wrap-up and Summary
